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Intellectual Property Are there any Web sites about the issue of "freedom of information"? Plagiarism Can you rely on online services and software for detecting plagiarism? But even if it isn't plagiarizing isn’t it still wrong? Why should we be concerned about plagiarism? How can plagiarism be avoided? What are some additional resources regarding the issues of Free Speech? Software Piracy Are there any other types of software besides what can be purchased commercially? Do ideas belong to individuals or to the companies they work for at the time of development? What is a resource
to use for information on filtering software and censorship? What are the penalties for pirating software? What are your responsibilities as a software user? What is the economic impact of software piracy? What is the government's commitment to legal software? How does software piracy affect schools? Should I post links to other sites on my Webpage? Should I post a student's photograph on my Webpage? Should I publish student work on the Internet?
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What are the main issues and questions? The digital age has seen two controversial views on intellectual properties emerge. At one extreme of the issue are people who believe that intellectual property should be unprotected and unrestricted, while those at the other end feel that the government needs to pass and enforce laws to protect intellectual property. The key issue here is about producer rights and user rights; a balance between public and private interests. Questions being asked in this debate are:
Are there any Web sites about the issue of "freedom of information"?
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the new plagiarism (technology supported) be beneficial to teaching
practices?
Benefits may be found in an attempt to combat the new plagiarism. Because the new forms of plagiarism may include copy and pasting information into a paper or purchasing a paper online, teachers need to rethink the writing they assign. Certain assignments, like those that require a regurgitation of the facts lend themselves to plagiarism. The following sites offer a unique opinion of plagiarism and how it may benefit educational practices.
In Praise of Plagiarism
Prevent Plagiarism with an outcomes approach http://www.eddept.wa.edu.au/centoff/cmis/eval/technology/usenet/pplagiarism.pdf
Can you rely on online services and software for detecting plagiarism? Even though online services and software for detecting plagiarism are helpful and convenient they to can be problematic. The following sites describe some problems that may occur with these resources.
Turnitin.com, a Pedagogic Placebo
for Plagiarism
Not everyone agrees that plagiarism is cheating. In fact it is an accepted practice for newspaper writers to pick up pieces of a story from the AP and include it in their article without reference. So why is it emphasized so in academics?
In Praise of Plagiarism
The University of Tasmania conducted an evaluation to determine the difference in plagiarism and cheating to develop academic dishonesty policies and procedures. The following site is a preliminary report published by the committee. The report makes a distinction between plagiarism and cheating.
Academic Misconduct (Plagiarism)
- Preliminary Report
But even if it isn't plagiarizing isn’t it still wrong? Not everyone agrees with this point of view. Here are some dissenting opinions about plagiarism and copyright. The first was written by John Perry Barlow, lyricist for the Grateful Dead, and cofounder and executive chair of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
The Economy of Ideas Against User Interface Copyright Plagiarism: a misplaced emphasis Intellectual Value Copywrong Who owns knowledge? Sold Out The Right to Read: A Short Story
The answer to this question may seem simple. Plagiarism is most simply using another's work without giving credit. Even though it seems simple enough there are always differences of opinion as to whether a work was plagiarized. The following site, Is it Plagiarism?,(http://www.doug-johnson.com/dougwri/isit.html) details an incident that occurred in December 1999. A parent sent a message to Doug Johnson about plagiarism. He posted the question to LM_NET. He asked teachers how he might respond to the letter he received from the parent. He posted the original letter and all of the responses on this website. The of teacher responses clearly shows that even something as simple as the definition of plagiarism will not be interpreted the same way by any two teachers.
Avoiding Plagiarism, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 2, 2002, http://sja.ucdavis.edu/avoid.htm
Why should we be concerned about plagiarism? You are cheating yourself when using
someone else’s work. How can plagiarism be avoided?
Plagiarism.org, retrieved from World Wide Web August 2, 2002, http://www.plagiarism.org/faq.html
If I submit
a paper for one class and then submit the same paper again for
another class, can I correctly be accused of plagiarism?
What are some
additional resources regarding the issues of Free Speech?
Freedom Forum
Free Speech Movement Digital
Archives |
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Are certain
file formats "owned" by any one company or person? The GIF Controversy: A Software
Developer's Perspective Are there
any other types of software besides what can be purchased commercially? Do ideas
belong to individuals or to the companies they work for at the
time of development? What is
a resource to use for information on filtering software and censorship? What can
Internet users do to limit the amount of information collected
by cookies?
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What is
the law regarding software piracy? What are
the penalties for pirating software?
What are
your responsibilities as a software user? You need to be responsible as a software user:
What is
the economic impact of software piracy? In the United States, 25 percent of all business software is unlicensed. The Business Software Alliance (BSA) estimates that in 2001 the industry lost more than $1.8 billion in revenue in the United States alone due to software theft. But software piracy's damaging economic impact is not just confined to the software industry. In fact, software piracy has an effect on the economic health of the nation as a whole. In 2000, the United States suffered a staggering 118,000 job losses, $5.6 billion in lost wages and $1.6 billion in lost tax revenue due to pirated software. What is the government's commitment
to legal software? Not only is the U.S. government
continually striving to uphold and enforce intellectual property
rights, but it has also become a leader in software management
and legalization practices. In 1998, the federal government reinforced
its own commitment to the use of legal, licensed computer software
by requiring that all government agencies and How does
software piracy affect schools?
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Should I grab HTML code from a Web page and use it to help me design a Web page for publication? Isn't this fair use? Just like books or purchased software a Web page contains content that is protected by copyright. Everything in software is usually copyrighted, including the source code. Whether or not to grab HTML code from a Web page is a controversial question that involves two separate issues about where and when copying occurs:
While we quickly recognize that the content in software and printed material such as books and magazines are protected by copyright the same is not true for Web pages. Webpage Design Issues, Copyright
Website, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Should I post links to other sites on my Webpage? While there currently is no case law in this area the issue of links to a school or district Web site needs to be carefully reviewed. The National School Boards Association cautions that "a parent and/or student could sue the school system for injuries cause by information received from a We page linked to a school sponsored Web page. While the risk of losing a case of this type is slight; it could certainly cause an embarrassment for the district. It would be difficult for a plaintiff to meet the burden of proof necessary to hold the school district responsible for whatever harm befell him or her … Additionally a school district could be sued on constitutional grounds for either allowing or prohibiting the placement of a link on a school-sponsored Web site to another site." Another related issue is copying a list of links from a Web site. For example, if you find a list of links for free clipart that someone has spent time accumulating this list would be protectable as a compilation. However, if you take a few links from this list you will probably not need to be concerned about a copyright violation. Should I post
a student's photograph on my Webpage? Should I publish student work on the Internet? It is very simple to copy information from the Internet. Since students own their work their permission and the permission of their parents is required before student work can be posted. The moment a creative work is created it is automatically protected by copyright so it is not necessary for it to be registered to receive copyright protection. Original student material should include a standard statement of copyright ownership and any permissions that may be granted. A standard notice might read: "©200?, jdsmith . Permission to reproduce and distribute for nonprofit purposes granted." Parental permission is required to publish student work and to publish a copyright ownership notice. |
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Academic Misconduct (Plagiarism)
- Preliminary Report, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August
2, 2002, Against User Interface Copyright,
The League for Programming Freedom, retrieved from the
World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Aust exec defends Kazaa sleeper
software, John Borland,
Special to ZDNet, ZDNet, retrieved from the World Wide
Web, August 2, 2002, Avoiding Plagiarism, University
of California, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 2,
2002, Blocking Software FAQ from Peacefire,
retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Business Software Alliance, retrieved from World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, http://www.bsa.org/usa/freetools/consumers/swandlaw_c.phtml Conservatives and Intellectual
Property, by James Boyle, text of a speech to the National
Federalist Society Annual Meeting in Washington DC, published
in Engage Volume 1, April 2000 p.83 Controversy: Should Public Policy
Support Open-Source Software?,
The American Prospect Online, retrieved from the World
Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Copywrong, Richard
Stallman, Wired, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1,
2002, The Cookie Controversy: Anti-Cookie
Software, Lori Eichelberger
M.L.I.S., Cookie Central, retrieved from the World Wide
Web, August 1, 2002, Disclosure of Personal Identification
Information of Students available online at the Responsible
Netizen Institute, retrieved from the World Wide Web,
July 20, 2002, The Economy of Ideas, John
Perry Barlow, Wired, retrieved from the World Wide Web,
August 2, 2002, Ensuring Student Privacy On The
Internet by Dr. Nancy Willard available online at Education
World, retrieved from the World Wide Web, July 15, 2002, Family Education Rights and Privacy
Act (FERPA) Regulations, retrieved from the World Wide Web, Free Speech Movement Digital
Archives, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 2, 2002, Freedom Forum, retrieved
from the World Wide Web, August 2, 2002, The GIF Controversy: A Software
Developer's Perspective, Last revision February 2, 2002.
Original text published January 27, 1995. © 1995-2002 of
the Author. Web shortcut
to this page: lzw.info.
Parts are quoted with permission from CompuServe Information Service.
Parts are excerpted from the PNG specification., retrieved
from World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Illinois School Code (105 ILCS
5/10-20.20) Sec. 10-20.20. Protection from suit.) available
online at http://www.legis.state.il.us/ilcs/ch105/ch105act5articles/ch105act5Sub17.htm In Praise of Plagiarism,
Ross Hunt, revised May/June 2002, retrieved from the World Wide
Web, August 2, 2002, Intellectual Property: Federal Policies Must Balance User and Producer Rights, Association of American Universities, March 2002, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, http://www.aau.edu/intellect/IntlPropTP.html Is information property?(Legally Speaking), by Pamela Samuelson, Communications of the ACM March 1991 v34 n3 p15(4) COPYRIGHT Association for Computing Machinery 1991. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, http://eserver.org/internet/Is-Information-Property.txt Is it Plagiarism?, Comments
gathered from LM_Net in response to a parent question, hit posted
by Doug Johnson. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 2,
2002, Intellectual Value, Esther
Dyson, Wired, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August
1, 2002, Legal Issues & Education Technology: A School Leaders Guide, 1999, National School Boards Association, A Technology Leadership Network Special Report developed by the National School Boards Association's Council of School Attorneys and ITTE: Education Technology Programs Linking, Copyright Website,
retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Plagiarism.org, Frequently
Asked Questions, retrieved from World Wide Web August 2, 2002,
Plagiarism: a misplaced emphasis,
Brian Martin, Published in Journal of Information Ethics, Vol.
3, No. 2, Fall 1994, pp. 36-47, with minor editorial changes.
Retrieved from the World Wide Web August 1, 2002, Policy Paradigms of Intellectual
Property, by Oliver Roup, Paper for MIT 6.805/STS085: Ethics
and Law on the Electronic Frontier, Fall 1995, retrieved from
the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Prevent Plagiarism With An Outcomes
Approach, retrieved from
the World Wide Web, August 2, 2002, Reboot Your Attitude, Business
Software Alliance, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 2,
2002, The Right to Read: A Short Story,
Richard Stallman, This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
of Communications of the ACM (Volume 40, Number 2). Retrieved
from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Scholarly Publishing, Peer review
and the Internet, Peter Roberts, First Monday, retrieved
from the World Wide Web, August 2, 2002, Sold Out, James Boyle, Originally
published in the New York Times, March 31, 1996. Retrieved
from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, TopDog software controversy,
Pandia Search World News Archive, retrieved from the World
Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Turnitin.com, a Pedagogic Placebo
for Plagiarism, Bedford/St.
Martin's Tech Notes, retrieved
from the World Wide Web, July 12, 2002, Webpage Design Issues, Copyright
Website, retrieved from the World Wide Web, August 1, 2002, Who owns knowledge?, Philippe
Queau, Le Monde diplomatique, retrieved from the World
Wide Web, August 1, 2002, |
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Teri Grant Julia Jeffreys Vicky Romano Kathy Schlappi August 2002 |
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| © Copyright 2002 by tgrant, jjeffreys, vromano, & kschlappi. Permission to reproduce and distribute for non-profit purposes granted. |
