Geoffrey E. Braswell
CURRICULUM VITAE

Research Interests

(Areal) The ancient Maya and complex societies of highland Mexico and lower Central America; (Theoretical) the emergence of complex society and economic systems, alternative models of social and political systems; (Methodological) geoarchaeology, geochemistry, lithic studies, mathematical methods, settlement pattern studies; (Other Interests) Kaqchikel ethnohistory and linguistics, the sculpture of the Maya Highlands, indigenous development in contemporary Central America, Egyptology.

Academic Positions

• Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego (since 7/2005)
• Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego (7/2003-6/2005)
• Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, SUNY-Buffalo (9/1997-9/2004)
• Profesor Titular Visitante, Programa de Maestría, Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (1995, 1997, 2000)
• Catedra Fulbright, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (1996-1997)
• Adjunct Professor, Department of Anthropology, Tulane University (1996)

Professional Positions

• Editorial Board, Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology Series, Equinox Publishing (since 2003)
• President and Vice President, International Association for Obsidian Studies (1999-2002)

Education

• Tulane University, Department of Anthropology (1988-1996) - M.A. (1993), Ph.D. (1996)
• Oberlin College, Department of Mathematics (1984-1986) - B.A. (1986)

Dissertation

1996 A Maya Obsidian Source: The Geoarchaeology, Settlement History, and Ancient Economy of San Martín Jilotepeque, Guatemala. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Tulane University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor. The work presents the results of survey and excavations in a 138 km2 area surrounding an important obsidian source. Research questions focus on the relationship between natural resources, settlement patterns, and ancient production and distribution systems.

Field and Laboratory Experience (Latin America only)

• Lubaantun and Nim li Punit, Belize (2009-Present) - Principal Investigator of the Toledo Regional Interaction Project, a study of political and economic integration on a regional scale
• Chichén Itzá, México (2009-Present) - Director of a UCSD subproject within the Proyect Chichén Itzá (Rafael Cobos, P.I.); research focuses on the construction sequence of the site center (Gran Nivelación), with goal of understanding political development and economic organization
• Mérida, México (1994-Present) - Study obsidian procurement and production patterns at Maya sites of the northern lowlands including Calakmul, Uxmal, Cobá, Mayapán, Dzibilchaltún, Izamal, Yaxuná, Oxkintok, Labná, Xkipché, Ek Balam, Acanceh, Xelhá, San Gervasio, Xuenkal, Chompotón and Xcambo
• Pusilhá, Belize (2001-2008) - Principal Investigator of the Pusilhá Archaeological Project, a study of economic and political integration, fragmentation, and independence at a secondary site thought to be in the far periphery of the Copán state
• Copán, Honduras (1991-2003) - Conducted field excavations in a royal residential group (Gr. 10L-2) under the direction of E. W. Andrews V; laboratory analysis of 45,000 obsidian artifacts
• Calakmul, México (1998-1999) - Invited Investigator of the Proyecto El Petén Campechano: Su Pasado, Presente y Futuro, directed by William J. Folan
• Managua and Rivas, Nicaragua (1996-1999) - Project lithicist for the Proyecto Regional Carazo, directed by Silvia Salgado González; Project lithicist for the Proyecto de Mapificación Región Central Norte, directed by Laraine A. Fletcher; Director of Fulbright graduate student, Proyecto Regional Rivas
• Yaxhá and Topoxté, Guatemala (1996-1998) - Invited Investigator of the Proyecto Nacional de Tikal, Proyecto Triángulo Yaxhá-Nakum-Naranjo, directed by Oscar Quintana Samayoa and Wolfgang Würster
• Kaminaljuyú, Guatemala (1996-1997) - Principal Investigator of El Proyecto Cronológico de Kaminaljuyú, a subproject of the Kaminaljuyu-Miraflores II project directed by Marion Popenoe de Hatch and Juan Antonio Valdés
• Chichén Itzá, Mexico (1994-1997) - Excavations in Grupo Sacbe 61; Invited Investigator for the Fondo Nacional Arqueológico Proyecto Chichén Itzá, directed by Peter Schmidt
• Dolores, Guatemala (1997) - Invited Investigator of the Atlas Arqueológico de Guatemala, directed by Juan Pedro Laporte
• San Martín Jilotepeque, Guatemala (1990-1996) - Principal Investigator of Ri Rusamäj Jilotepeke, a survey and excavation project focused on Maya obsidian production and exchange in the Kaqchikel Highlands
• La Antigua, Guatemala (1989-1996) - Directed field excavations, survey, and laboratory analysis for the Encuesta Arqueológica del Área Kaqchikel, directed by Eugenia Robinson and William Swezey
• Ayala, Nicaragua (1993-1995) - Project lithicist for the Proyecto Regional Granada, directed by Silvia Salgado González
• Teotihuacan, Mexico (1987) - Excavated in the Oaxaca Barrio under the direction of Michael Spence

Books

• 2010 (Z. Hruby, G.E. Braswell, and O. Chinchilla, eds.) The Technology of Maya Civilization: Political Economy and Beyond. Equinox Publishing, London.

  An edited volume of fourteen chapters concerning Maya economy, lithic technology, and political theory presented at the Third Maya Lithic Conference, 2007, Guatemala.

• 2003 (editor) The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction. University of Texas Press, Austin.

  A collection of papers that re-examine the relationship between Central Mexico and the Maya region during the period A.D. 200-600. Contributors include the editor (four chapters, see below), Robert Sharer, George Cowgill, Joyce Marcus, David Pendergast, Arthur Demarest, Karl Taube, Juan Pedro Laporte, Frederick Bove, Ma Josefa Ponce de León, Carmen Varela, Sonia Medrano, and James Borowicz.

Peer-Reviewed Book Chapters and Journal Articles

• 2011a (G.E. Braswell and E.J. Robinson) The Eastern Kaqchikel Highlands during the Preclassic Period: Interaction, Growth, and Depopulation. In The Roots of Maya Civilization: The Southern Maya Area in the Late Preclassic, edited by M. Love and J. Kaplan. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. In press.
• 2010a (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) Procurement and Production of Obsidian Artifacts at Calakmul. In The Technology of Maya Civilization: Political Economy and Beyond, edited by Z. Hruby, G.E. Braswell, and O. Chinchilla, pp. 117-127. Equinox Publishing, London.
• 2010b The Technology of Maya Civilization. In The Technology of Maya Civilization: Political Economy and Beyond, edited by Z. Hruby, G.E. Braswell, and O. Chinchilla, pp. 1-12. Equinox Publishing, London.
• 2010c The Rise and Fall of Market Exchange: A Dynamic Approach to Ancient Maya Economy. In Archaeological Approaches to Market Exchange in Pre-Capitalist Societies, edited by C.P. Garraty and B.L. Stark, pp.127-140. University of Utah Press.
• 2009a (G.E. Braswell and M.R. Pitcavage) The Cultural Modification of Teeth by the Ancient Maya: A Unique Example from Pusilhá, Belize. Mexicon 31:24-27.
• 2009b (B. Volta, T.E. Levy, and G.E. Braswell) The Virtual Chichén Itzá Project: Modelling an Ancient Maya City in Google SketchUp. Antiquity 83(321),
• 2008a Interacción durante el clásico temprano, los mayas y Teotihuacán en el paisaje mesoamericano. In Memorias del 20 Congreso Internacional de Cultura Maya, vol. 1, edited by A. Barrera Rubio and R. Gubler. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and Universidad Autónoma de México. In press.
• 2007a Step Mountain and the Kingdom of the Avocado: Engineering Marvels and Forgotten Hieroglyphs
• 2006a A Forest of Trees: Postclassic K’iche’an Identity and the Anthropological Problem of Ethnicity In Maya Ethnicity, edited by F. Sahse, pp. 125-140. Acta Mesoamericana 19, Verlag Anton Sauerwein,
• 2005a (G.E. Braswell, C.M. Prager, C.R. Bill, S.A. Schwake, and J.B. Braswell) The Rise of Secondary States in the Southeastern Periphery of the Maya World: A Report of Recent Archaeological and
• 2005b (G.E. Braswell, C.M. Prager, and C.R. Bill) The Kingdom of the Avocado: Recent Investigations
• 2005c (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) The Obsidian Artifacts of Calakmul. In Calakmul, edited by W.J. Folan, J. Marcus, M. del. R. Domínguez C., A. Morales L., and L.F. Folan. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Accepted for publication.
• 2004a Lithic Analysis in the Maya Area. In Continuity and Changes in Maya Archaeology: Perspectives at the Millenium, edited by C.W. Golden and G. Borgstede and Charles Golden, pp. 177-200. Routledge
• 2004b (G.E. Braswell, J.D. Gunn, M. del R. Domínguez C., W.J. Folan, L. Fletcher, A. Morales L., and M.D. Glascock) Defining the Terminal Classic at Calakmul, Campeche. In The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation, edited by A.A. Demarest, D.S. Rice,
• 2003a Introduction: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction. In The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction, edited by G. E. Braswell, pp.1-43. University of Texas
• 2003b Dating Early Classic Interaction Between Kaminaljuyu and Central Mexico. In The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction, edited by G. E. Braswell, pp. 81-104. University
• 2003c Understanding Early Classic Interaction Between Kaminaljuyu and Central Mexico. In The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction, edited by G. E. Braswell, pp. 105-142.
• 2003d Obsidian Exchange Spheres of Postclassic Mesoamerica. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican
• 2003e Highland Maya Polities of the Postclassic Period. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited
• 2003f K’iche’an Origins, Symbolic Emulation, and Ethnogenesis in the Maya Highlands: A.D. 1400-1524. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by M. Smith and F. Berdan, pp. 297-303. University of
• 2003g (C. Varela and G.E. Braswell) Teotihuacan and Oxkintok: New Perspectives from Yucatán. In The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction, edited by G. E. Braswell, pp. 249-271.
• 2003h (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) The Emergence of Market Economies in the Ancient Maya World: Obsidian Exchange in Terminal Classic Yucatán, Mexico. In Geochemical Evidence for Long
• 2002a Praise the Gods and Pass the Obsidian?: The Organization of Ancient Economy in San Martín Jilotepeque, Guatemala. In Ancient Maya Political Economies, edited by M. Masson and D. Freidel, pp.
• 2002b (G.E. Braswell, S. Salgado G., L.A. Fletcher, and M.D. Glascock) La antigua Nicaragua, la periferia : interacción interregional. Mayab 15:19-39, Madrid.
• 2002c (E.J. Robinson, P. Farrell, K.F. Emery, and G.E. Braswell) Preclassic Settlements and Geomorphology in the Highlands of Guatemala: Excavations at Urias, Valley of Antigua. In Incidents of Archaeology in Central America and Yucatán, edited by M. Love, H. Escobedo, and M. Popenoe de
• 2001a Post-Classic Maya Courts of the Guatemalan Highlands: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Approaches. In Royal Courts of the Ancient Maya, Volume 2, edited by T. Inomata and S. D.
• 2001b Ethnogenesis, Social Structure, and Survival: The Nahuaization of K’iche’an Culture, 1450-1550. In Maya Survivalism, edited by U. Hostettler and M. Restall, pp. 51-58. Acta Mesoamericana 12,
• 2000a (G.E. Braswell, J.E. Clark, K. Aoyama, H. McKillop, and M.D. Glascock) Determining the Geological Provenance of Obsidian Artifacts from the Maya Region: A Test of the Efficacy of Visual
• 2000b Indusrie lítica clase tallada: obsidiana. In El Sitio Maya de Topoxté, edited by W. Würster.
• 1998a La arqueología de San Martín Jilotepeque, Guatemala. Mesoamérica 35:117-154.
• 1998b (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) Interpreting Intrasource Variation in the Composition of Obsidian: The Geoarchaeology of San Martín Jilotepeque, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity
• 1998c (M.D. Glascock, G.E. Braswell, and R.H. Cobean) A Systematic Approach to Obsidian Source Characterization. In Method and Theory in Archaeological Volcanic Glass Studies, edited by
• 1997a El intercambio comercial entre los pueblos prehispanicos de Mesoamérica y la Gran Nicoya. Revista de la Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala 6:17-29. Guatemala.
• 1996a The Sculpture of San Martín Jilotepeque: Cotzumalguapan Influence in the Highlands or Highland Influence on the Pacific Coast? In Eighth Palenque Roundtable, 1993, edited by M. Macri and J. McHargue, pp. 441-451. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco.
• 1994a (G.E. Braswell, E.W. Andrews V, and M.D. Glascock) The Obsidian Artifacts of Quelepa, El . Ancient Mesoamerica 5(2):173-192.
• 1992a Obsidian Hydration Dating, the Coner Phase, and Revisionist Chronology at Copán, Honduras. Latin American Antiquity 3(2):130-147.
• 1992b (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) A New Obsidian Source in the Highlands of Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 3(1):47-49.

Chapters in Invited Symposium Volumes, Book Reviews, and Minor Publications

• 2010d (M.R. Pitcavage and G.E. Braswell) Diet Health, and Death at Pusilhá, Belize. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2009 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Morris, S. Jones, J. Awe, G. Thompson, and M. Baudillo. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 7, pp. 65-72. Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belmopan, Belize.
• 2009c (M.R. Pitcavage and G.E. Braswell) Entierros múltiples en el reino del aguacate: Evidencia indirecta del sacrificio humano durante el período Clásico Tardío y Terminal. In XXII simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2008, edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo, and H. Mejía, pp. 803-810. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.
• 2009d Review: Settlement Archaeology at Quiriguá, Guatemala, by Wendy A. Ashmore. Journal of Field Archaeology 34(1):93-97.
• 2009e (G.E. Braswell and K. Prufer) Political Organization and Interaction in Southern Belize. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2007 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Morris, S. Jones, J. Awe, and C. Helmke. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 6, pp. 43-54. Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History Belmopan, Belize.
• 2009f Chay: Una historia económica de los mayas antiguos. Los investigadores de la cultura maya 18:10-26.
• 2008b (G.E. Braswell, C.R. Bill, and C.M. Prager) Exchange, Political Relations, and Regional Interaction: The Ancient City of Pusilhá in the Late Classic Maya World. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2007 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Morris, S. Jones, J. Awe, and C. Helmke. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 5, pp. 51-62. Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History Belmopan, Belize.
• 2008c Review: Gordon R. Willey and American Archaeology: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by J.A. Sabloff and W.L. Fash. Journal of Anthropological Research 64(4):619-620.
• 2007b Late and Terminal Classic Occupation of Pusilha, Toledo District, Belize: Site Planning, Burial Patterns, and Cosmology. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2006 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Morris, S. Jones, J. Awe, and C. Helmke. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 4, pp. 67-78. Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of
• 2007c (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) El intercambio de la obsidiana y el desarrollo de las economías de tipo mercado en la región maya. In XX simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2006, edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo, and H. Mejía, pp. 13-26. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.
• 2006b (G.E. Braswell and S.A. Gibbs). In the Land of the Avocado: Recent Archaeological Investigations at Pusilhá, Toledo District, Belize. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2005 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Morris, S. Jones, J. Awe, and C. Helmke, pp. 271-286. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 3. Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belmopan, Belize.
• 2006c (G.E. Braswell, S.A. Gibbs, C.M. Prager, and C.R. Bill). Interaccion, migracion y la emergencia de una ciudad maya: Evidencia nueva de Pusilha, Belice. Los investigadores de la cultura Maya 14, pp. 317-
• 2006d (E.J. Robinson, M. Garníca, and G.E. Braswell). En el final del Preclásico: Kaminaljuyu y su
• 2005d Mesoamerican Archaeology for Advanced Undergraduates. Latin American Antiquity 16:469-472.
• 2005e (C.R. Bill, G.E. Braswell, and C.M. Prager). Interacción económica y política en la periferia Maya: Evidencia nueva de Pusilhá, Belice. In XVIII simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala,
• 2005f (C.R. Bill and G.E. Braswell) Life at the Crossroads: New Data from Pusilha, Belize. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2004 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Awe, J. Morris, and S. Jones, pp. 301-312. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 2. Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belmopan, Belize.
• 2005g La sociedad de la red de los Mayas antiguos. Los investigadores de la cultura Maya 13:69-76.
• 2004c (G.E. Braswell, C.M. Prager, C.R. Bill, and S. Schwake) Recent Archaeological and Epigraphic Research at Pusilha, Belize: Report of the 2001 and 2002 Field Seasons. In Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2003 Belize Archaeology Symposium, edited by J. Awe, J. Morris, and S. Jones, pp. 333-345. Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology, Volume 1. Institute of
• 2004d (Robinson, E.J., M. Garníca, D. Freidel, G.E. Braswell, and S. Carr). Nuevos hallazgos en las tierras altas centrales de Guatemala. In XVII simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2003, Volume 1, edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo, H. Escobedo, and H. Mejía, pp. 179-187. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.
• 2003i (S. Maguire, C. Prager, C.R. Bill, J.B. Braswell, and G.E. Braswell) Investigaciones recientes en Pusilhá, Belice. In XVI simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2002, Volume 1, edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C. Monzón de Suasnávar, and B. Arroyo, pp. 97-108. Museo Nacional
• 2003j (G.E. Braswell and C. Prager) ¿Una unidad politica secundaria en el área Maya? El caso posible de Pusilhá, Belice. Los investigadores de la cultura Maya 11:210-224. Universidad Autónoma de
• 2003k Pietre preziose e semipreziose: Mesoamerica. In Enciclopedia Archaeologica, volume 3, America e
• 2001c Ancient Economy and Alternative Approaches to Stone Tools at Copán, Honduras. Latin American
• 2001d Prefacio. In Puertos marítimos en tierras bajas mayas: estudio del patrón de distribución- abastacimiento de caracoles y conchas entre 700 y 1050 dC, by R. Cobos. Instituto Nacional de
• 2000c Review of Motagua Colonial, by Lawrence H. Feldman. Latin American Antiquity 11(1):102-103.
• 2000d Un acercamiento a relaciones entre Kaminaljuyú y México central. In XIII simposio de Investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1999, Volume 1, edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, A.C. Monzón de Suasnávar, y B. Arroyo, pp. 115-126. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.
• 2000e Review of Maya Civilization, 1990-1995, by John Weeks. Mesoamérica 39:476-478.
• 1999a (F.E. Amador and G.E. Braswell) Intercambio y producción durante el Preclásico: la obsidiana de Kaminaljuyu-Miraflores II y Urías, Sacatepéquez. In XII simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en
• 1999b La producción y comercio de obsidiana en Centroamérica. In Primer Congreso de Arqueología
• 1998d (G.E. Braswell and M.D. Glascock) Artefactos de obsidiana del sureste de Petén. In Atlas Arqueológico de Guatemala, No. 12, edited by J.P. Laporte, pp. 341-367. Instituto de Antropología e
• 1998e Review of The Managed Mosaic, edited by S. Fedick. American Antiquity 63(2):344-345.
• 1998f El Epiclásico, Clásico Terminal y Postclásico Temprano: una visión cronológica desde Teotihuacan, Chichén Itzá y el altiplano guatemalteco. In XI simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1997, Volume 2, edited by J.P. Laporte and H. Escobedo, pp. 803-806. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.
• 1997b La cronología y la estructura del colapso en Copán, Honduras. Los investigadores de la cultura
• 1997c El intercambio prehispánico en Yucatán, México. In X simposio de investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1996, Volume 2, edited by J.P. Laporte and H. Escobedo, pp. 545-556. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.
• 1996b Obsidian-Hydration Dating. In The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, edited by B. Fagan, p. 537.
• 1996c El patrón de asentamiento y producción en la fuente de obsidiana de San Martín Jilotepeque. In
• 1995a (G.E. Braswell, S. Salgado González, and M.D. Glascock) La obsidiana guatemalteca en Centroamérica. In VIII simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1994, Volume 1, edited by J.P. Laporte and H. Escobedo, pp. 121-131. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología,
• 1994b (G.E. Braswell and M. Garníca) La escultura de San Martín Jilotepeque: Influencia de Cotzumalguapa en las tierras altas o del altiplano en la costa del Pacífico? In VII simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1993, edited by J.P. Laporte and H. Escobedo, pp.185-
• 1993a Ri Rusamäj Jilotepeke: investigaciones en una antigua zona productora de obsidiana: kanojkïl pa jun ojer xoral rub'anon richin chay. In VI simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1992, edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, and S. Villagrán de Brady, pp. 479-498.
• 1993b (G.E. Braswell and J.B. Braswell) La obsidiana de los mayas de las tierras altas: afloramientos, canteras y talleres. In VI simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1992, edited by J. P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, and S. Villagrán de Brady, pp. 463-478. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y
• 1992c (G.E. Braswell and E.J. Robinson) Obsidiana en las tierras altas mayas Kaqchikel. In IV simposio de arqueología Guatemalteca, 1990, edited by J. P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, and S. Villagrán de Brady, pp. 297-302. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala.