Due: Monday May 19, 2008 at the beginning of class

Problem Set 4




(1) In lecture we discussed several examples of the LOVE IS A JOURNEY metaphor (such as, We're just spinning our wheels. or This relationship isn't going anywhere.)
    (a) Find (or make up) 3 new sentences that use this metaphor.
    (b) Make a table of the mappings between the elements in the source and target for each of your examples.

(2) In lecture we briefly discussed the Hofstadter copycat project that deals with alphabetical analogies such as:
ABC:ABD::PPPQQQRRRSSS: ?
    (a) What do you think is the best answer to this analogy problem?
    (b) Describe a rule that would lead to the answer you gave in (a).
    (c) What is another possible answer for this analogy problem?
    (d) Describe a rule that would lead to the answer you gave in (c).

(3) In lecture we briefly discussed the primitive waiting room blend from the Gary Larson cartoon.
    (a) What are the 2 input concepts ("spaces")?
    (b) The blended space contains structure (concepts) from each of the inputs, as well as emergent structure of its own. Give an example of something from each input space, as well as one example of emergent structure.

(4)

fingers
    (a)
When people are asked 'How is A similar to B' what do they say?
    (b) When people are asked 'How is B similar to C' what do they say?
    (c) Draw (or trace) shapes A and B and draw the mappings between the 'fingers' that lead people to say they are similar.
    (d) Draw (or trace) shapes B and C and draw the mappings between the 'fingers' that lead people to say they are similar.
    (e) Given that B is similar to both A and C, what does this imply about induction (inferring that a new exemplar is in a category because it is similar to other exemplars)?

(5) People often solve problems by doing analogical reasoning.  You've been hired by a software company that specializes in programs that help people do their taxes.  They want to expand into more general sorts of financial planning software targeted at the same market.  As a cognitive scientist, your job is to use your knowledge about how people use analogies to solve problems to help them design usable software.
    (a) What aspect of analogical reasoning is most influenced by superficial similarity?
    (b) What aspect of analogical reasoning is most influenced by structural (or relational) similarity?
    (c)  Make one recommendation about how to make about how to design the new software so that people already familiar with the tax software will be able to use the new financial planning software.

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(6) Two examples of animal communication systems discussed in class include the vervet alarm calls and the honeybee waggle dance.
(a) Do the vervet alarm calls show evidence of displacement? Explain why or why not.
(b) Do the vervet alarm calls show evidence of productivity? Explain why or why not.
(c) Does the waggle dance show evidence of displacement? Explain why or why not.
(d) Does the waggle dance show evidence of productivity? Explain why or why not.