Problem Set 4
(1) In lecture we discussed
several examples of the LOVE IS A JOURNEY metaphor (such as, We're
just
spinning our wheels. or This relationship isn't going anywhere.)
(a) Find (or make up) 3 new sentences that
use this metaphor.
(b) Make a table of the mappings between
the elements in the source and target for each of your examples.
(2) In lecture we briefly
discussed the Hofstadter copycat project that deals with alphabetical
analogies such as:
ABC:ABD::PPPQQQRRRSSS: ?
(a) What do you think is the best answer
to this analogy problem?
(b) Describe a rule that would lead to the
answer you gave in (a).
(c) What is another possible answer for this
analogy problem?
(d) Describe a rule that would lead to the
answer you gave in (c).
(3) In lecture we briefly discussed the primitive waiting
room blend from the Gary Larson cartoon.
(a) What are the 2 input concepts ("spaces")?
(b) The blended space contains structure
(concepts) from each of the inputs, as well as emergent structure of
its own. Give an example of something from each input space, as well as
one example of emergent structure.
(4)
(a) When people are asked 'How is A similar
to B' what do they say?
(b) When people are asked 'How is B similar
to C' what do they say?
(c) Draw (or trace) shapes A and B and draw
the mappings between the 'fingers' that lead people to say they are
similar.
(d) Draw (or trace) shapes B and C and draw
the mappings between the 'fingers' that lead people to say they are
similar.
(e) Given that B is similar to both A and
C, what does this imply about induction (inferring that a new exemplar
is in a category because it is similar to other exemplars)?
(5) People often solve problems by doing analogical
reasoning.
You've been hired by a software company that specializes in programs
that
help people do their taxes. They want to expand into more general
sorts of financial planning software targeted at the same market.
As a cognitive scientist, your job is to use your knowledge about how
people
use analogies to solve problems to help them design usable software.
(a) What aspect of analogical reasoning is
most influenced by superficial similarity?
(b) What aspect of analogical reasoning is
most influenced by structural (or relational) similarity?
(c) Make one recommendation about how
to make about how to design the new software so that people already
familiar
with the tax software will be able to use the new financial planning
software.