Notes to Images and Iconography of Spanish and Mexican New Mexico

  1. See discussion of the Provincial Academic Style I and II, and the attribution of specific styles and works to Fray García, Miera y Pacheco, and the 18th century Novice, in E. Boyd, Popular Arts of Colonial New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1974, 96-139; William Wroth, Christian Images in Hispanic New Mexico. Colorado Springs, Colorado: The Taylor Art Museum, 1982, 47-68. [return]
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  2. Fray Atanasio Domínguez, The Missions of New Mexico, 1776. The Missions of New Mexico, 1776. Ed. Eleanor B. Adams and Fray Angelico Chavez. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1956, 333. [return]
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  3. Ibid., 345. [return]
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  4. E. Boyd, Popular Arts, 102-109. [return]
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  5. See Marsha Bol, The Anonymous Artist of Laguna and the New Mexican Altar Screen. M. A. thesis, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1980, 50-131; and Wroth, Christian Images, 69-72. [return]
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  6. Bol, Artist of Laguna, 37-99. [return]
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  7. Ibid., 116; and Wroth, Christian Images, 94. [return]
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  8. The following discussion of the style of the Laguna Santero is based on Bol, Anonymous Artist, 51-113; E. Boyd, Popular Arts, 155-169; Wroth, Christian Images, 69-71; Larry Frank, The New Kingdom of the Saints. Santa Fe: Red Crane Books, 1992, 68-81; and Thomas J Steele, Santos and Saints: essays and handbook. Albuquerque: Calvin Horn, 1974, revised edition: Santos and Saints: the religious folk art of Hispanic New Mexico. Santa Fe: Ancient City Press, 1982, 1-43. [return]
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  9. E. Boyd, Popular Arts, 327-340; Frank, Kingdom, 35-65; and Wroth, Christian Images, 171-184. [return]
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  10. See also discussion of the effect of prints on New Mexican santeros in Yvonne Lange, "In Search of San Acacio: The Impact of Industrialization on Santos Worldwide." El Palacio 94:1 (1987), 18-24.; and Yvonne Lange, "Lithography, an Agent of Technological Change in Religious Folk Art: A Thesis." Western Folklore 23:1 (1974), 53-57. [return]
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  11. E. Boyd, Popular Arts 349-365; Frank, Kingdom,93-95. See also Steele, Santos and Saints, 13-14. [return]
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  12. On the itinerant folk tradition of New Mexican Santeros see Dickey, Village Arts, 135-186; and José E. Espinosa, Saints in the Valley: Christian Sacred Images in the history, life, and folk art of Spanish New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1960, revised edition: 1967. A charming rendition of the dominant picture of the santeros is given by Paul Horgan, The Saintmaker's Christmas Eve. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1955. [return]
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  13. E. Boyd, Popular Arts, 330. [return]
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  14. Fray Angelico Chavez, La Conquistadora. Paterson: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1954. [return]
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  15. Bol, Anonymous Artist, 116-117; Wroth, Christian Images, 93-94. [return]
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  16. E. Boyd, Popular Arts, 60-61. [return]
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  17. The precise relationship between Adauto and Thomas Fresquís is not yet known. E. Boyd produced family ties for three portions of the Fresquís lineage but was unable to connect them. See E. Boyd, Popular Arts, 338-339 [return]
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  18. Alcabala: AGN:AC 61:19 R,V, Chihuahua, 17 I 1781. [return]
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  19. José Rafael Aragón is referred to as Rafael Aragón to avoid confusion with the santero José Aragón who worked in New Mexico from 1820 to 1835. José Aragón emigrated from Spain and was not a relation of José Rafael Aragón. [return]
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  20. Donald Robertson. "The Treatment of Architecture in the Florentine Codex of Sahagún" Sixteenth-century Mexico : the work of Sahagun. ed. Munro S. Edmonson. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1974. 151-164, especially 156. [return]
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  21. Services: Ramón Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991, 312. Visita rotations: Kessell, Kiva, Cross, and Crown, 1979, 352. [return]
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  22. Noticias de las missiones que ocupan los religiosos, Abiquíu, 30 X 1795. Signed Custos Fray José de la Prada, Fray Ramón Antonio Gonzalez, Fray Esteban Aumantell, Fray Jaime Canal, and Fray Diego Martinez Turado. SANM II 21:539-540, no TW#, B.M. Read Collection, NMSRCA. [return]
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  23. See Cynthia Radding, Wandering Peoples: Colonialism, Ethnic Spaces, and Ecological Frontiers in Northwestern Mexico, 1700-1850. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997. 171-207. [return]
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  24. Noticias de las missiones que ocupan los religiosos, Santa Clara, 3 XI 1795. AASF:MI 53:156, 1795 #13. Noticias de las missiones que ocupan los religiosos, Abiquíu, 30 X 1795. SANM II 21:537, no TW#, B.M. Read Collection, NMSRCA. [return]
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  25. For an example of the process of land aggrandizement elsewhere in Bourbon New Spain, see Van Young, Hacienda and Market, 297-324. [return]
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  26. David J Weber, ed., The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846: the American Southwest under Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982, 60. [return]