I. Personal Introduction.


II. Purpose of the Course.


III. Parable - Lecture Example


IV. Course Mechanics



Terms:

Frank Hamilton Cushing

Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE)

Stevenson Expedition (1879)

Priest of the Bow Society

I. Interpreting Mythic History.

II. Acoma Pueblo Origin Myth.

III. Myth & the Spanish Conquest.

Terms:

Sipapu - underground place of beginning

Uchtsiti - (Great) Father

Tsichtinako - spirit

Iatiku - bringing to life

Nautsiti - more in the basket

Hernán Cortés

III. Myth & the Spanish Conquest.

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I. The Southwest Before the Spanish.

II. Rumors of CÌbola: Early Explorations of the North.

Terms:

Hernán Cortés

requerimiento

Cholula

Tlaxcala

Tenochtitlán

Moctezuma

Mogollon

Hohokam

Anasazi

Panfilo de Narvaez

Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca

III. Early Explorations of the North.

IV. Colonizing New Mexico & the First Province.

V. Revolt, Reconquest & the Second Province of New Mexico.

VI. Late Colonial Projects.

Terms:

Fray Marcos de Niza

Vasquez de Coronado

Bigotes

Hiawikúh (a Zuni Pueblo)

Don Juan Oñate

encomienda

repartimiento

comparmentalization

Popé

San Antonio de Bexar

Mission Indians (CA)

Fray Junipero Serra

California mission system

Gov. Juan Bautista de Anza

Lecture 2.2: Southwest III & Contact and Colonization in the Eastern Woodlands

[IV. The First Province of New Mexico.]

V. Revolt, Reconquest & the Second Province of New Mexico.

VI. Late Colonial Projects.

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I. French Settlement in the 17th Century and the First Trade Network

II. Jesuits, Huronia, and the Algonkians: A World Collapses

Terms:

Don Juan Oñate

encomienda

repartimiento

comparmentalization

Popé

San Antonio de Bexar

Mission Indians (CA)

Fray Junipero Serra

California mission system

Gov. Juan Bautista de Anza

Jacques Cartier

Samuel de Champlain

Abnaki

Micmac

Huron/Algonkian Indians

Iroquois (League of Peace)

Lecture 2.3: Contact and Colonization in the Great Lakes

I. French Settlement in the 17th Century and the First Trade Network.

II. Jesuits, Huronia, and the Algonkians: A World Collapse.

III. Explorations, the Mississippi and Reconstructing the French-Native Trade Network.

Terms:

Jacques Cartier

Samuel de Champlain

Abnaki

Micmac

Huron

Algonkian Indians

Manitou

Iroquois Covenant of Peace

Deganawidah

Nicolas de La Salle

Lecture 3.1: Contact and Colonization in the Eastern Woodlands

I. English Contact and Settlement on the Atlantic Coast.

II. Middle Colonies, New England, and Native American Contact.

III. European Rivalries Extended to the New World.

IV. Tightening English Control in the 1660s.

V. English Settlement and Diplomacy, 18th century.

Terms:

sachem

Powhatan

Pamunkey

Massasoit

Pokanoket (Wampanoag Algonkians)

Pequot War (1637)

Iroquois League: Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, Oneida, Cayuga

Metacomet (Philip)

"King Philip's" War (1676)

Lecture 3.2: Dynamics of Eighteenth Century Culture Change

V. English Settlement and diplomacy, 18th century.

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I. Midéwiwin of the Ojibwa: Resistance and Native Cosmology.

A. Creating the Anishinabeg (Ojibwa) after Huronia.
B. The Midéwiwin: New Ceremony for a New People.
C. The Great Competition: Midé - v - Christianity.
D. "Nativism" and "Pan-Indian" Resistance

Terms:

French and Indian War (Seven Year's War) [1755-1763]

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Proclamation of 1763

Anishinabe / Ojibwa (Salteur)

Algonquin bands: Noquet, Marameg, Amikcoures, Mississague

Feast of the Dead

Midéwiwin

Midéwigan

Lecture 4.1: United States, Exploration, and the Release of Energy

I. Independent Americans and the Bounty of Republicanism.

A. Capital, Industry, and Yeoman Farmers.
B. American Land Policy: Subsidized Expansionism.

II. The "Release of Energy."

III. Early Formulations of Indian Policy.

Terms:

Land Ordinance (1785)

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)

Charles River Bridge Case (1837)

Preemption Act (1841)

Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)

Lecture 4.3: "Civilization" and Removal: Horns of a Dilemma

I. Cherokee example: Late 18th Century Culture Change

A. Building a New Cherokee Nation
B. Negotiating Race: Elias Boudinot
C. The Fight against Removal

II Removing the Five "Civilized Nations"

A. Choctaw
B. Other removals

Terms:

Five Civilized Tribes
(Cherokee,Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole)

Green Corn Ceremony (Cherokee)

Cherokee National Council

Elias Boudinot

Sarah Bird Northrop

Treaty of Doak's Stand (1820, 1825)

Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek (1830)

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

Worchester v. Georgia (1832)

Treaty of New Echota (1835)

Lecture 5.1: Dynamics of Early 19th Century
Culture Change

I. Introduction to Plains Indian Cultures

A. Dynamics of Intercultural Exchange
B. Plains Indian Cultural Evolution

II Pawnee Culture change

A. Pawnee Origins & Early History
B. Pawnee Lifeways
C. Pawnee Evolution & Plains Culture

III. Development of Plains Indian Culture

A. Causes of Social & Cultural Evolution
B. Cheyenne Example
C. Comanche Example

Terms:

Metís

Pawnee

Skidis

South Bands (Grands, Republicans, Tapages)

Sioux (Teton, Oglala, Brulé, Yankton)

Siouan and Caddoan lnaguages

Cheyenne (Assiniboins) (Suhtais )

Arapaho

Arikara

Shoshone

Comanche

Lecture 6.1: The First Wave:
Going West Before the Civil War

I. American Land Policy: Subsidized Expansionism

II. Approaches to Native Americans in the West Before the Civil War

A. Permanent Indian Country
B. Reservation genesis

Terms:

Robert Neighbors

Edward Fitzgerald Beale

Kit Carson

Mescalero Apache

Cochise

Yakima War (1855)

General John E. Wool

Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)

Laguna Negra (1855)

Lecture 7.1: The Second Wave
of Immigration to the West

I. Post-Civil War Western Expansion

A. Markets for Western Produce
B. Transportation for Western Produce

[Extra Lecture: The Civil War Watershed The
and War on Native Americans]

II Civil War and War Against Indians

A. Military Solutions: Navajo Example
B. Settler Solutions: California Example
C. War on the Plains & Political Repercussions

Terms:

General Jim Carleton

Col. Kit Carson

Bosque Redondo (1863) [Fort Sumner]

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

James R. Dolittle

Medicine Lodge Treaties (1867-68)

Grant's Peace Policy"

Board of Indian Commissioners

Lecture 7.2: Education and Allottment:
The Push for Assimilation

I. Outlines of the Grant Peace Policy

II. Wardship and Reformers

A. Redefining Federal-Native American Relationship
B. The Reformer's Impulse

III. Assimilation by Cultural Supression

A. Reforming Social and Ceremonial Life
B. Detribalization by Education
C. Destroying the Reservation

Terms:

Grant's "Peace Policy"

Indian Land Act (1875)

Courts of Indian Offenses

Carlisle Indian School

Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

Lecture 7.3: Native American Voices,
and the Ghost Dance

I. Finding the Native American Historical Voice

II. Other Kinds of Native Voices

A. Hide Painting and Ledger Drawing
B. Domestic Artistry and Material Culture
C. Vision Art

III. The Ghost Dance: Continuity or Revival?
Terms:

Sitting Bull (Hunkpapa Lakota)

Lieutenant George Armstrong Custer

Battle of Little Big Horn (June 25, 1876)

Luther Standing Bear

Walter S. Campbell (Stanley Vestal)

Howling Wolf (So. Cheyenne)

Yellow Nose (No. Cheyenne)

Wovoka (Jack Wilson)

Massacre at Wounded Knee (Dec. 29, 1890)

Lecture 8.1: The Ghost Dance &
Surviving the Nineteenth Century

I. The Ghost Dance: Continuity or Revival?
II. Introduction.
III. Three Examples of Survival and Change.

A. Cheyenne: Surviving allotment.
B. Navajo: Thriving on the reservation.
C. Río Grande Pueblos: Dodging the allotment bullet.

Terms:

Massacre at Wounded Knee (Dec. 29, 1890)

Peyote

Native American Church

Navajo Treaty (1868)

Executive Order (Navajo: 1882, 1884)

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

US v Joseph (1876)

US v Sandoval (1913)

Bursum Bill (1922)

Pueblo Lands Act (1924)

Lecture 8.2: Surviving the Nineteenth Century &
Native Americans as theTest for US Imperialism.

III. Three Examples of Survival and Change.

A. Cheyenne: Surviving allotment.
B. Navajo: Thriving on the reservation.
C. Río Grande Pueblos: Dodging the allotment bullet.

IV. Native Americans as theTest for US Imperialism.

A. The Phillipines and "Informal Empire."
B. Rights, Citizenship, and the "Indian" analogy.
C. Erasing the Indian: Painting Native Americans After Confinment to the Reservations

Terms:

Peyote

Native American Church

Navajo Treaty (1868)

Executive Order (Navajo: 1882, 1884)

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

US -v- Joseph (1876)

US -v- Sandoval (1913)

Bursum Bill (1922)

Pueblo Lands Act (1924)

Lecture 8.3: Reversing Directions in the New Deal.

I. Building the Attack on Assimilation.

A. Recasting the "Indian Problem."
B. Scientific Racialism.
C. The Critique of Racialism and Assimilation.

II The Bureaucratic Revolution and the Indian New Deal.

A. The Bureaucratic Revolution.
B. The Depression in the West.
C. The New Deal and Federal Power in the West.
D. The Indian Reorganization Act.

Italics indicate continued next lecture.

Terms:

Edward Alsworth Ross The Old World in the New (1914)

Madison Grant The Passing of the Great Race (1916)

Franz Boas The Mind of Primitive Man (1911)

Oliver La Farge (Laughing Boy)

Mary Austin (Land of Little Rain)

John Neidhardt (Black Elk Speaks)

Meriam Report (1928)

Indian Reoganization Act [Wheeler Howard Act] (IRA, 1934)

John Collier

Indian Defense Association

Lecture 9.1: Western Development and the Indian New Deal.

II The Bureaucratic Revolution and the Indian New Deal.

A. The Bureaucratic Revolution.
B. The Depression in the West.
C. The New Deal and Federal Power in the West.
D. The Indian Reorganization Act.

Terms:

Indian Reoganization Act [Wheeler-Howard Act] (1934)

stock reduction

Carlos Montezuma

Lecture 9.3: Indian New Deal in Action, WW II, and
Urbanizing the American Indian.

I Indian New Deal in Action, WW II, and Urbanizing the American Indian.

A. The Navajo and the New Deal.
B. Attack on Self-Determination.

II World War II: Remaking the New Deal.

III Termination and Urbanization.

A. Seeds of Termination.
B. Reservations & The Cold War Inside.
C. Components of termination.
D. Termination legislation.
E. Urbanization.

Terms:

stock reduction

Codetalkers
Indian Claims Commission Act (1946)

Navajo -Hopi Act (1950)

House Concurrent Resolution 108 (1953)

Public Law 280 (1953)

Relocation Program (1954)

Klamath Reservation