I. Southwestern Prehistory

A. Hohokam Culture
B. Mogollon Culture
C. Anasazi Culture

II. Relocation and Cultural Mix: Pueblo IV

A. Puyé - Santa Clara example
B. Athabaskan arrivals (Apache, Navajo)

Terms:

Kachina (Katsina)
Kiva

Language groupings:

Uto-Aztecan
Kiowa-Tanoan:

Tewa
Tiwa
Towa

Keres

Zuni (Ashiwi)

Shoshonean (Hopi)

Ancestral peoples:

Hohokam

Anasazi

Mogollon (Mimbres)

Ancestral places:

Mesa Verde Cañon de Chelly

Chaco Canyon:

Pueblo Bonito

Puye (ancestral place of Santa Clara Pueblo)

Sipapu

III. Mythic relationships Between Prehistory and Historic Pueblo Culture

1. Mimbres pottery imagery

2. Connection to oral history and stories of Pueblos

 

IV. Spanish exploration and Conquest

1. Previous Entradas and Violence

2. Conquest - Don Juan de Oñate (1598)

Terms:

Vasquez de Coronado - first entrada (1540)

Don Juan Oñate - colonization (1598)

Vicente de Zalívar - Acoma rebellion

I. Franciscan Missions and Pueblo Social Structure

1. Pueblo population & colonization

2. Pueblo labor and tribute

3. Social Structure, Religious Ceremony, and the Pueblo Cultural Web

a. Language:
b. Social organization

Terms:

Fray Alonso de Benevides

Encomienda

Repartimiento

matirilocal (decent system)

patrilocal decent

bilateral decent

moiety

clan

compartmentalization

I. Pueblo World View - revisited

A. Acoma Origin Myth: interpretations

B. Understanding Pueblo acculturation

II. The Pueblo World to the Revolt of 1680

A. Franciscan Missionary Program in the Pueblos

B. Supression of Pueblo government & religion

C. Franciscan struggle with Governors 1640-1660s

D. Pueblo religious revival

E. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680

F. Reconquest, Coexitence, and Reversal

1. Role of missions after reconquest

2. Late colonial Spanish growth & changing relations

III. Navaho History and Creation

Terms:

assimilation

acculturation

compartmentalization

Governor Francisco de Trevino

Popé

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Governor Diego de Vargas

Reconquest (1692-94)

Comanche Peace and Alliance (1786)

 

repartimiento de effectos (forced distribution of goods on credit)

K'e (prefix = universal harmony)

Diné:

1) diyin kineÃi = supernaturals, holy people;

2) nihokaa dine'e = earth surface people, naturals.

Ana'i = non-Navajo. Various kinds of non-Navajo.

Bosque Redondo (1865-1868)

Population of Navajo and Hopi Peoples, 1850s - 1990

Date	Navajo	Hopi
1855	7,500	1860: 2,500
1869	7,151
1875	11,768
1885	21,003
1895	20,500
1905	26,390	1900: 2,100
1922	30,052

1931	41,281	1940: 3,444
1947	56,000	1950: 4,000
1958	85,000	1964: 4,500
1970	150,000	4,857
1975	151,354
1980s	140,000 est. census
1990	160,000 est. BIA	c. 1990: 6,000+

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 2.3:

I. The Hopi-Navajo Land Dispute: Remaking Indians in the White Man's Image

II. Early 20th Century Anglo Views and Pueblo reaction

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 4.2:

I. Introduction to Part II

A. Case study of Ojibwa cultural formation and development of Midéwiwin

B. Apply to critique of Calvin Martin, Keepers of the Game in class discussion on Tuesday, November 4.

II. Early French-Indian Contact and Huron Trade Network

A. Beginning of First French Trade Empire

B. Jesuit Missions Among the Huron

C. Great Lakes religious concepts

III. Jesuits, Iroquois, Huronia, and the Algonkian Survivors: A World Collapses

A. Collapse of Huronia

B. Interpreting the Iroquois wars

C. Iroquois Covenant of Peace

IV. Wars of the Iroquois and Algonkian Dispersal

A. Huron and Algonkian refugees ó resistance to Catholicism

B. New inter-band contacts

V. Feast of the Dead and Algonkian Cultural Amalgamation

A. Ritual and actual kinship

B. Forging a new tribal people

 

TERMS

Jacques Cartier

Samuel de Champlain

Woodlands/Great Lakes Peoples:

Algonkian: Today area of Ottawa, Potawatami, Menomenee, Sac and Fox, Kickapoo, Nipissing, Illinois, Maimi, and Ojibwa/Chippewa.

Iroquoian: 5 later 6 Nations: Cayuga, Onondaga, Seneca, Mowhawk, and Oneida, later added Tuscarora.

Siouan: Winnebago, perhaps early eastern groups as well.

Manitou

Midéwiwin - Midé

Saulteur Feast of the Dead

Early names:

Noquet, Outchibous, Marameg, Achiligouians, Amicoures, Massissague

Clan names:

Achiligouians = Huron

Uj-e-jauk = Ojibwa

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 5.1:

I. 18th Century Emergence of the Midéwiwin

A. Antione Denis Raudot example of early 18th century ceremony

B. Summary of function of Midéwiwin religious cosmology

II. Revivalism and Resistance Among the Huron-Algonkians

A. Algonkian resistance before collape of Huronia

B. Saulteur-Ojibwa concepts of religious power, disease and cure

III. Midéwiwin and the Reorganization of Ojibwa Religion

A. Midéwiwin Meaning and Power

B. Preserving Ojibwa Cultural World View

C. Midéwiwin as Migration Myth

 

TERMS

Midéwiwin

Midewigan

Jessakid

Wabeno

Dzhe Manido (Great Manitou)

Minabozho (Great Rabbit)

medicine bags (penojigossan)

Sources:

W. E. Hoffman

Skwekomik

Red Sky

J. G. Kohl

William Warren

Peter Jones

Places:

Fond du Lac

La Pointe (Chequemegon)

Boweting (Sault Ste. Marie)

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 5.2:

I. Recap. of points from Tuesday lecture

A. Origin of Anishinabeg and Midéwiwin

B. Midéwiwin as anti-Christian

C. Migration myth

II. Midé Religion as History

A. Location of Origin of Midéwiwn

B. Concept of Change Part of History of the Midé

III. 19th Century Midéwiwn Change

A. La Pointe (Madeline Island), circa 1780

B. Changing Concepts of Good and Evil

C. The Wabeno: Religious/Cultural Change and Anglo-American Encroachment

 

TERMS

Megís

Wabeno

Matchi-Manitou (Evil Spirit)

Kitchi-Manitou (Great or Good Spirit)

medicine bags (penojigossan)

ìpimadaziwin,î (a full life, and freedom from hunger and disease)

Places:

Fond du Lac

La Pointe (Chequemegon)

Madeline Island (at Chequemegon)

Keweenaw Bay (Anse Bay)

Boweting (Sault Ste. Marie)

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 6.2:

I. Causes of Social & Cultural Evolution

A. Blackfoot example

Algonkian, early plains hunters, simpler social structure.

B. Cheyenne Example

Algonkian. Complex migration history from Great Lakes. More complex structure developed as a result.

C. Comanche Example

Shoshonean-speaking, displaced by Crow and Blackfoot transition to nomadic life on Plains. Consummate nomadic tribe. Important role in speading horse culture and in shaping Spanish provinces of NM and TX.

TERMS

Algonkian:

Cheyenne, Arapaho, Atsina (Gros Ventres), Blackfoot [Bands: Northern and Southern Piegan/Pikuni, Siksika, Blood].

Siouan:

Nomadic: Dakota/Santee, Lakota/Teton, Nakota/Yankton (Sioux), Crow, Assiniboine

Semi-nomadic: Mandan, Hidatsa, Iowa, Winnebago, Otoe, Kansa, Omaha, Ponca, Osage, Quapaw

Coddoan:

Pawnee, Arikara, Wichita, Hasanai

Uto Aztecan:

Comanche, Shoshone, Ute

Tanoan/Tonkawan:

Kiowa

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 6.3:
Myth & Meaning: Looking for the Lakota and Plains World Views

IMAGES SHOWN DURING LECTURE 6.3

I. Causes of Social & Cultural Evolution (continued)

C. Pawnee Example (continued)
D. Comanche Example

II. Connecting History & Cosmology: A Cheyenne Example

A. Cheyenne History (Summary)
B. Objects in a Religious Context: The Yellow Nose (Broadhead) Shield

III. Lakota Ritual and World View

A. Creation Myth (Walker)

How are the spirits created?
How do they relate to one another and to Skan?
How do the Lakota (people) fit in creation?
How do the Lakota know how to behave?

B. Seven council fires (next lecture)

TERMS:

Inyan - stone

Maka - earth

Unk - water
Skan - sky

Wi - sun

Wi win - moon
Anp/Han

Wakan Tanka - great mystery
Tate - wind Wakinyan - thunder

Ksa - wisdom (skan & Tate)
Wohpe - peace

Eya/Ibom - tempest & storm

Gnas - demon or evil spirit

Cheyenne cosmology from Yellow Nose Shield:

Otatavoom ó Blue Sky-Space, very sacred region from which eminates the cosmic power (exastoz) of the Supreme Being (Maíheoío) that permeates and maintains the world.

maheonevekseo ó Cheyenne holy birds in the Otatavoom.

Bird in center of shield is bald eagle - either the Thunderbird (Nonomavecess) or the Bird Father (Maheonevecess). Strikes down from highest region of universe to bring the spiritual/male energy to the surface of the fertile soil. Extended wings of the bird look like the Blue Sky Space.

Setovoom ó Nearer Sky-Space, the region just below the Sky Blue-Space = . Here the Great Birds (maxevekseo) live, predatory birds like eagles and hawks. The smaller birds in the shield are Swallow-tailed Kites, with an identifying black and white pattern on their body and light colored head.

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 7.1 & 7.2
Lakota Ritual and the Ghost Dance in Historical Perspective

I. Lakota Ritual and World View.

A. Creation Myth (Walker).

B. Seven council fires and the seven Lakota rites.

II. The Ghost Dance: Continuity or Revival?

A. Mooney's view and contemporary observations.

B. Elements of continuity.

III. The Revival of "Red Power" in the 20th Century.

Terms:

The seven Lakota rites:

Gift of the Sacred Pipe

Inipi - The Rite of Purification

Hunkapi - The Making of Relatives

(courtship, marriage, alliance, childbearing/adoption/torture)

Hanblecheyapi - Crying for a Vision

Keeping and releasing of the soul

Ishna Ta Awi Cha Lowan - Preparing Girl for Womanhood

Iwanyag Wachipi - The Sun Dance [Mandan = Okipita]

Wovoka (Jack Wilson) Paiute

James Mooney Ghost Dance

Mary Crow Dog

Leonard Crow Dog

Russell Means Vine Deloria, Jr.

Black Elk

tiyospayé related family households (Lakota)

Ethnic Studies 110 Lecture 8.2, 8.3:
Cultural Configuration of Native California

I. Native Californian Historical periods:

A. Pre-Contact Native California
±300AD - 1769 (Spanish intrusion)

B. 1769-1848 Spanish & Mexican colonization
Bourbon Settlement in Action

C. Franciscan Missions and Native Californians

D. 1848 ­ The American Wave

II. Regional Specialization in California

A. Northern CA: Yurok, Karok, & Miwok areas

1. Concept of Power

2. Cosmological view of world

3. World Renewal ceremony

4. Integration in Inland Whale

B. Southern California: Luiseño, Diegueño, Cahuilla

Terms:

wickiup

presidio - Spanish millitary garrison

Toloache - Jimson weed

Kiwesona - "that which exixts"

Pikiavish - world renewal ceremony

prehuman spirit race:

Wogè = Yurok;

Kihunnai = Hupa:

Ikhareya = Karok