Logo by LJFS Docent Liesl Schindler (age 15)
Articles on harbor seals and related topics

This bibliography is nowhere near exhaustive (yet!); we will be adding to it on a regular basis.

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  1. Bekkby, T. & Bjorge, A. (1998). Variation in stomach temperature as indicator of meal size in harbor seals, Phoca vitulina. Marine Mamm. Sci. 14: 627-637.

  2. Boness, D. J., Bowen, D., Iverson, S. J. & Oftedal, O. T. (1992). Influence of storms and maternal size on mother-pup separations and fostering in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina. Can. J. Zool. 70: 1640-1644.

  3. Coltman, D. W., Bowen, W. D. & Wright, J. M. (1998). Male mating success in an aquatically mating pinniped, the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), assessed by microsatellite DNA markers. Molec. Ecol. 7: 627-638.

  4. Coltman, D. W., Bowen, W. D. & Wright, J. M. (1999). A multivariate analysis of phenotype and paternity in male harbor seals, Phoca vitulina, at Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Behav. Ecol. 10: 169-177.

  5. Corpe, H. M., Thompson, P. M. & Porter, L. J. (1998). A rapid non- invasive technique for distinguishing harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in their first year from older age classes. Marine Mamm. Sci. 14: 372- 379.

  6. Gardiner, K. J. & Hall, A. J. (1997). Diel and annual variation in plasma cortisol concentrations among wild and captive harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Can. J. Zool. 75: 1773-1780.

  7. Goodman, S. J. (1998). Patterns of extensive genetic differentiation and variation among European harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) revealed using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. Molec. Biol. Evol. 15: 104-118.

  8. Grellier, K., Thompson, P. M. & Corpe, H. M. (1996). The effect of weather conditions on harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) haulout behaviour in the Moray Firth, northeast Scotland. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1806-1811.

  9. Hanggi, E. B. & Schusterman, R. J. (1994). Underwater acoustic displays and individual variation in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina. Anim. Behav. 48: 1275-1283.

  10. Hansen, S. & Lavigne, D. M. (1997). Ontogeny of the thermal limits in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Physiolog. Zool. 70: 85-92.

  11. Hansen, S., Lavigne, D. M. & Innes, S. (1995). Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in juvenile harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in air. Physiolog. Zool. 68: 290-315.

  12. Harvey, J. T. (1989). Assessment of errors associated with harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) faecal sampling. J. Zool. 219: 101-111.

  13. Harvey, J. T. & Antonelis, G. A. (1994). Biases associated with non-lethal methods of determining the diet of northern elephant seals. Marine Mamm. Sci. 10: 178-187.

  14. Harvey, J. T., Helm, R. C. & Morejohn, G. V. (1995). Food habits of harbor seals inhabiting Elkhorn Slough, California. Calif. Fish Game. 81: 1-9.

  15. Helander, B. & Bignert, A. (1992). Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) on the Swedish Baltic coast - population trends and reproduction. Ambio. 21: 504-510.

  16. Henriksen, G. & Kondakov, A. (1997). A review of the distribution and abundance of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina, on Svalbard, Norway, and in the Barents Sea. Marine Mamm. Sci. 13: 157-163.

  17. Kappe, A. L., Bijlsma, R., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., VanDelden, W. & others. (1997). Structure and amount of genetic variation at minisatellite loci within the subspecies complex of Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal). Heredity. 78: 457-463.

  18. Kappe, A. L., Vandezande, L., Vedder, E. J., Bijlsma, R. & Others. (1995). Genetic variation in Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal) revealed by DNA fingerprinting and RAPDS. Heredity. 74: 647-653.

  19. Lamont, M. M., Vida, J. T., Harvey, J. T., Jeffries, S. & others. (1996). Genetic substrates of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vittulina richardsi) off Washington, Oregon, and California. Marine Mamm. Sci. 12: 402- 413.

  20. Leopold, M. F., vanderWerf, B., Ries, E. H. & Reijnders, P. J. H. (1997). The importance of the North Sea for winter dispersal of harbour seals Phoca vitulina from the Wadden Sea. Biolog. Cons. 81: 97-102.

  21. Markussen, N. H. (1993). Transit time of digesta in captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Can. J. Zool. 71: 1071-1073.

  22. Mathews, E. A. & Kelly, B. P. (1996). Extreme temporal variation in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) numbers in Glacier Bay, a glacial fjord in southeast Alaska. Marine Mamm. Sci. 12: 483-489.

  23. Mortenson, J. & Follis, M. (1997). Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) aggression on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups. Marine Mamm. Sci. 13: 526-530.

  24. Muelbert, M. M. C. & Bowen, W. D. (1993). Duration of lactation and postweaning changes in mass and body composition of harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, pups. Can. J. Zool. 71: 1405-1414.

  25. Neumann, D. R. (1999). Agonistic behavior in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in relation to the availability of haul-out space. Marine Mamm. Sci. 15: 507-525.

  26. Olesiuk, P. F. (1993). Annual prey consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Fish. Bull. 91: 491-515.

  27. Perry, E. A. & Amos, W. (1998). Genetic and behavioral evidence that harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) females may mate with multiple males. Marine Mamm. Sci. 14: 178-182.

  28. Reijnders, P. J. H., Ries, E. H., Tougaard, S., Norgaard, N. & others. (1997). Population development of harbour seals Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea after the 1988 virus epizootic. J. Sea Res. 38: 161-168.

  29. Reiman, A. J. & Terhune, J. M. (1993). The maximum range of vocal communication in air between a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pup and its mother. Marine Mamm. Sci. 9: 182-189.

  30. Renouf, D. (1993). Play in a captive breeding colony of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) - constrained by time or by energy. J. Zool. 231: 351-363.

  31. Ries, E. H., Traut, I. M., Paffen, P. & Goedhart, P. W. (1997). Giving patterns of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Wadden Sea, the Netherlands and Germany, as indicated by VHF telemetry. Can. J. Zool. 75: 2063-2068.

  32. Rosen, D. A. S. & Renouf, D. (1993). Sex differences in the nursing relationship between mothers and pups in the Atlantic harbour seal, Phoca vitulina concolor. J. Zool. 231: 291-299.

  33. Ross, P. S., Pohajdak, B., Bowen, W. D. & Addison, R. F. (1993). Immune function in free-ranging harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) mothers and their pups during lactation. J. Wildl. Dis. 29: 21-29.

  34. Schaeff, C. M., Boness, D. J. & Bowen, W. D. (1999). Female distribution, genetic relatedness, and fostering behaviour in harbour seals, Phoca vitulina. Anim. Behav. 57: 427-434.

  35. Schandorff, S. (1997). Developmental stability and skull lesions in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) in the 19th and 20th centuries. Ann. Zoologici Fennici. 34: 151-166.

  36. Stanley, H. F., Casey, S., Carnahan, J. M., Goodman, S. & Others. (1996). Worldwide patterns of mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Molec. Biol. Evol. 13: 368-382.

  37. Stanley, W. T. & Shaffer, K. F. (1995). Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) predation on seined salmonids in the lower Klamath River, California. Marine Mamm. Sci. 11: 376-385.

  38. Suryan, R. M. & Harvey, J. T. (1998). Tracking harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) to determine dive behavior, foraging activity, and haul-out site use. Marine Mamm. Sci. 14: 361-372.

  39. Suryan, R. M. & Harvey, J. T. (1999). Variability in reactions of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to disturbance. Fish. Bull. 97: 332-339.

  40. Taylor, A. A., Davis, H. & Boyle, G. J. (1998). Increased vigilance toward unfamiliar humans by harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray (Halichoerus grypus) seals. Marine Mamm. Sci. 14: 575-583.

  41. Temte, J. L. (1994). Photoperiod control of birth timing in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). J. Zool. 233: 369-384.

  42. Thompson, P. M., Kovacs, K. M. & Mcconnell, B. J. (1994). Natal dispersal of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from breeding sites in Orkney, Scotland. J. Zool. 234: 668-673.

  43. Tollit, D. J., Black, A. D., Thompson, P. M., Mackay, A. & others. (1998). Variations in harbour seal Phoca vitulina diet and dive-depths in relation to foraging habitat. J. Zool. 244: 209-222.

  44. Tollit, D. J., Greenstreet, S. P. R. & Thompson, P. M. (1997). Prey selection by harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in relation to variations in prey abundance. Can. J. Zool. 75: 1508-1518.

  45. Traut, I. M., Ries, E. H., Donat, B. & Vareschi, E. (1999). Spacing among harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) on haul-out sites in the Wadden Sea of Niedersachsen. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde. 64: 51-53.

  46. Walker, B. G. & Bowen, W. D. (1993). Changes in body mass and feeding behaviour in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in relation to female reproductive status. J. Zool. 231: 423-436.

  47. Watts, P. (1993). Possible lunar influence on hauling-out behavior by the pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi). Marine Mamm. Sci. 9: 68-76.
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